Non Fiction

Not the least of the many virtues of Michael Wilding’s Political Fictions is that it sets out its argument in a cogent way, stating its intellectual premises forthrightly and following them through with as little compromise as possible. This sort of ideological criticism (ideological, even though Wilding insists his judgments are primarily literary ones, and analyses the prose of the chosen novels closely) is rare in Australia. Here critics have mostly been content to proceed from a purely pragmatic basis – or, as the sympathetic would have it, have been content to be intelligent rather than ideological.

The Voyaging Stars was first published in 1978, and already is a minor classic. Ever since Cook’s day it has been known that the Pacific Islanders, and especially the Polynesians, had a sophisticated system for long distance navigation, not employing the European aids of charts, sextants, chronometers and magnetic compasses – and yet remarkably effective. Cook himself used a Polynesian pilot from Tahiti to New Zealand. With the coming of European technology this traditional lore fell into abeyance. Fewer and fewer sons imbibed it from their fathers, and by the middle of this century it had almost died out. Unfortunately, it had never been scientifically investigated and had not been adequately recorded.

But why would anyone want to do it? This seems a reasonable question to ask about Robyn Davidson’s self-imposed ordeal: Davidson taught herself from scratch to tame and train camels, then travelled with four of them and one dog across 1700 miles of desert from Alice Springs to the coast of Western Australia. Tracks is the book she wrote about it.

The Jesuits are, whatever else you might say about them, formidable. Dr Bygott quotes Francis Bacon, who believed that the Jesuits as teachers ‘are so good that I wish they were on our side’.

The men of the 2/30th Battalion laughingly enlisted. They didn't laugh on 16 February 1942 when, as part of the 8^th Division and the Singapore garrison, they reluctantly surrendered to the Japanese. Happiness being relative, some of these Australians laughed all the way from Changi to a new camp near the wharves. Struggling to load bagged salt, they had no laughter, just helpless sickness in the stomach, as Sergeant Stan Arneil was savagely beaten by guards. Scenes change, states of mind go up and down, until the survivors are about to disembark in Sydney late in 1945: ‘and everybody on the ship is laughing all the time’.

Although Howard Florey spent most of his life abroad, he was a great Australian and according to his biographer probably the most effective medical scientist since Joseph Lister.

John Baxter’s Australian Cinema was the first of a number of works on the history of film production in Australia – all, in varying degrees, superficial, selective and inaccurate, in such a new field, where to arouse interest in the subject was perhaps as important as to supply information, these early books could be forgiven for such inadequacies. But Pike and Cooper have at last taken the next step. Using material gathered over a ten- year period from many sources (archives, contemporary journals, personal reminiscences, and the films themselves), they have compiled a comprehensive encyclopaedia-style coverage of the feature films produced in Australia from 1900 to 1977.

Sir Paul Hasluck writes this book, so he says, as a witness, seeking no higher appreciation than Montaigne’s remark that it reflects the ‘author’s sincerity “free from vanity when speaking of himself and from partiality and envy when speaking of others” ’. However, Hasluck is not so much witness as judge, and hanging judge at that. If the book is free from envy, the absence seems due to his certainty about his own opinions and place. If there is no partiality, there is at least a tendency to make assessments of attitudes and strategies on the unstated criterion of whether they conform to Hasluckian models.

Nathan Spielvogel, a highly regarded Ballarat historian and schoolmaster, in 1928 presented the Annals of the Ballarat Hebrew Congregation to the executive committee. He told how he had discovered, in a corner of the schoolroom adjacent to the synagogue, an old iron box full of letters and papers, tied and labelled. They were dated from 1855 to 1877 and covered the first twenty-two years of Jewish communal life in Ballarat. Papers from 1878 to 1892 were destroyed great number) were prevented from remaining on the missions, where in most cases, they had spent their whole life. The Act set in motion a general breakdown in the family structures, which, for so long, had created a rich and culturally satisfying life for Aborigines on the missions. by fire at the secretary’s residence, but from then on records were preserved, unfortunately without the correspondence that made Spielvogel's annals so human and vivid. Newman Rosenthal, from these sources, has written a history of considerable importance. It increases the small literature on the history of Jewish communities in Australia and reveals that Ballarat owes a great debt of gratitude to civic minded Jews from Eastern Europe and the British Isles for their forthright support in founding institutions and building civic pride.