Religion

Judaism teaches that antisemitism is ultimately rooted in hatred of God, and that hatred of the Rabbis by ignorant Jews exceeds that of heathens, hence the worst antisemites (e.g. Karl Marx) are often renegade Jews.

Alfred Zion reveals his misunderstandings of Judaism even before his novel, The Merchants of Melbourne, begins. His Hebrew/Yiddish-English glossary translates Torah as “Pentateuch, the five books of Moses”, and Yiddishkeit as “Yiddish culture”. In fact, Torah means the whole body of Jewish teaching of which the Pentateuch consists of “mere notes”. Yiddishkeit means Jewish religious teaching and observance. Such misleading translations are matched by malicious caricatures of Rabbis. Saul, a learned Jew of rabbinic status, believed “everything was pre-ordained, even the good and evil that befell you. Struggling against one’s fate was therefore a wasted effort, if not a contradiction of God’s will” (p.97). This is the opposite of the Jewish doctrine of free will and personal responsibility.

Dr Pawsey’s The Popish Plot is a history of what never was – a popish plot to take over Victoria around 1860 to 1863. It makes fascinating reading. It is also quite partisan.

Considered from one angle this is the tale of four exceptional years, 1860-1863, when Victoria’s catholics suffered the full assault of protestant bigotry on a lavish and unprecedented scale. Protestants reminded catholics that they were welcome to settle in Victoria so long as they did not covet the place occupied by their ruling Anglo-protestant hosts.

Mapping the boundaries of relationships between church and state is a vital part of religious history. Walter Phillips makes a major contribution to our understanding of the changes which followed the ending of state aid in the nineteenth century. The pressures of voluntaryism made the retention of vision of a Christian country very hard, for protestant individualism and denominational competition made the shaping of a common ethos impossible. Nevertheless, Phillips makes it clear that the protestant churches, through their leadership, put up stiff resistance to the trends of the times.

The dawn and the evening of the world, alike, are seeding-grounds of myth and archetype: the distant past, when chthonic Ancestors are imagined to have emerged from a landscape of rocks and dust – the post-holocaust world of the future, where a landscape of rocks and dust is imagined to have emerged as fruit of hidden and poisonous seeds within the human psyche.

Gerard Henderson takes as the subject of this important book the relations between the bishops of the Catholic Church and its lay organisation, the Catholic Social Studies Movement during the period from 1940 to the 1960s. The study is particularly welcome as neither Church nor Movement were given to public self-exposure. Henderson, by using the files of the National Civic Council and the minutes of relevant episcopal committees, has given us an insight into the conflicts within the church over its role in political activity in this period

The decisive influence on Australian politics and culture has been the fact that our society has always included a large minority who, even if they considered themselves British, were definitely Irish and not English. The fact that this minority has been Catholic and, as a result, has felt itself discriminated against, has shaped the church into an Irish rather than a European mode, so that, as Campion points out, not only was to be Irish to be Catholic, but to be Catholic was to be Irish.

The Monash University team at the Queen Victoria Hospital in Melbourne has achieved great success in its endeavours to relieve infertility by the production of ‘test-tube babies’. This collection explains what goes on, discusses moral and legal problems relating to the programme, and gives a preview of what might lie ahead. The contributors include members of the medical team, their clients, and moral philosophers and theologians.

In Papua New Guinea, no one dies from natural causes except, perhaps, some foreigners. At least, that is what every islander believes. Even a lifelong active Christian such as Mr Justice Narakobi’s mother, on her deathbed, attributed her fatal asthma to sorcery.

The Jesuits are, whatever else you might say about them, formidable. Dr Bygott quotes Francis Bacon, who believed that the Jesuits as teachers ‘are so good that I wish they were on our side’.

Nathan Spielvogel, a highly regarded Ballarat historian and schoolmaster, in 1928 presented the Annals of the Ballarat Hebrew Congregation to the executive committee. He told how he had discovered, in a corner of the schoolroom adjacent to the synagogue, an old iron box full of letters and papers, tied and labelled. They were dated from 1855 to 1877 and covered the first twenty-two years of Jewish communal life in Ballarat. Papers from 1878 to 1892 were destroyed great number) were prevented from remaining on the missions, where in most cases, they had spent their whole life. The Act set in motion a general breakdown in the family structures, which, for so long, had created a rich and culturally satisfying life for Aborigines on the missions. by fire at the secretary’s residence, but from then on records were preserved, unfortunately without the correspondence that made Spielvogel's annals so human and vivid. Newman Rosenthal, from these sources, has written a history of considerable importance. It increases the small literature on the history of Jewish communities in Australia and reveals that Ballarat owes a great debt of gratitude to civic minded Jews from Eastern Europe and the British Isles for their forthright support in founding institutions and building civic pride.